![]() But in passing ("by the by"), he makes a comment about the "art of government." Now, in one sense this is not surprising Locke traveled in important political circles. Locke's Second Treatise is generally taken as a contribution to normative political theory or an ideological tract defending capitalism, even a certain form of colonialism ( recall two pieces inspired by Barbara Arneil here here). John Locke Second Treatise of Government, Chapter 5. This shews how much numbers of men are to be preferred to largeness of dominions and that the increase of lands, and the right employing of them, is the great art of government: and that prince, who shall be so wise and godlike, as by established laws of liberty to secure protection and encouragement to the honest industry of mankind, against the oppression of power and narrowness of party, will quickly be too hard for his neighbours: but this by the by. ![]() ![]() Bread, wine and cloth, are things of daily use, and great plenty yet notwithstanding, acorns, water an d leaves, or skins, must be our bread, drink and cloathing, did not labour furnish us with these more useful commodities: for whatever bread is more worth than acorns, wine than water, and cloth or silk, than leaves, skins or moss, that is wholly owing to labour and industry the one of these being the food and raiment which unassisted nature furnishes us with the other, provisions which our industry and pains prepare for us, which how much they exceed the other in value, when any one hath computed, he will then see how much labour makes the far greatest part of the value of things we enjoy in this world: and the ground which produces the materials, is scarce to be reckoned in, as any, or at most, but a very small part of it so little, that even amongst us, land that is left wholly to nature, that hath no improvement of pasturage, tillage, or planting, is called, as indeed it is, waste and we shall find the benefit of it amount to little more than nothing. To make this a little clearer, let us but trace some of the ordinary provisions of life, through their several progresses, before they come to our use, and see how much they receive of their value from human industry. a fruitful soil, apt to produce in abundance, what might serve for food, raiment, and delight yet for want of improving it by labour, have not one hundredth part of the conveniencies we enjoy: and a king of a large and fruitful territory there, feeds, lodges, and is clad worse than a day-labourer in England. There cannot be a clearer demonstration of any thing, than several nations of the Americans are of this, who are rich in land, and poor in all the comforts of life whom nature having furnished as liberally as any other people, with the materials of plenty, i.e.
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